Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise

Turkish Journal of Sports and Exercise continues its publication life as a peer-reviewed scientific journal that has been published since 1999 in order to bring together the researches carried out in the field of Sports Sciences with the scientific world and is scanned in reputable National and International indexes.

It has adopted the main goal of contributing to the development of global sports sciences literature in general by sharing original scientific articles, reviews, case reports, letters to the editor and similar studies prepared in line with current developments in the field of Sports Sciences with the target audience.

Turkish Journal of Sports and Exercise is a peer-reviewed journal published three times a year (April, August, December) since 1999. The language of the journal is English and Turkish abstracts are requested from the authors.

Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise; Physical Education and Sport, Movement and Training Sciences, Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Sport Education, Sport Health Sciences, Nutrition in Sport, Exercise Physiology, Sport Anatomy, Exercise and Sport Psychology, Sport Sociology, Sport Philosophy, Sport Information Technology, Sport Management Sciences, Sport Management, Sport Marketing, Organization in Sport, Recreation, Recreation Leadership, Sport Tourism.

Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise (Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi) publishes original papers, reviews, short communications and letters to the Editors. Manuscripts submitted to the journal must contain novel data on theoretical or experimental research or on practical applications in the field of sport sciences.

Publishing Rules:

Papers sent for the Journal can be written in English. Ones which are not prepared to spelling rules are not evaluated. Unaccepted declarations are not returned. Scientific ethic and legal responsibility of these studies belong to author/authors.

Spelling Rules:

The study should be prepared in Microsoft Word document. The text should be written on standard broadsheet (A4), having 1.5 line spaces, leaving 2.5 cm space from the right and left side of each page. The first rows of paragraphs should be 1.5 cm inside. The full text should be written with Times New Roman typeface and 12 points, and also should not exceed over 16 pages.

Title should be added on the page as align left and bold, only the first letters of words should be capitalized. Following this, author(s)’s names and surnames, information about author(s) (institution, department, city, and country) should be given. Also author responsible for correspondence should clearly state his/her postal address and e-mail address.

Study should include abstract, keywords, heading, introduction, material & method, results, discussion, acknowledgment (if necessary), references. All headings should be flush left; the first letters of words should be capitalized.

Abstract should contain the least 200 words, the most 300 words. Key words should include 3-5 words; here the words “keywords” should be written as align left and bold. English heading should be aligning left and bold, too.

 Shape, graphic, photograph, etc. should be showed as “Form” and numeric values as “Table”. Names of shapes should be written under related graphic, names of tables on related numeric value. References should be arranged in an alphabetical order to authors’ last names. Number of reference should be mentioned in parenthesis to refer in text “(…increase in isokinetic muscle strength is informed (5,9). This situation…)”. But if reference to other resources is also necessary to mention as an extra-item in the text, the only author as “Ergun (8)…….. of athletes”, two authors as “Ostojic & Mazic (11)…. the effect of exercises”, more authors than two persons as “Casa et al.(7)….the effect of tiredness” should express. All references should be indicated at last.

References:

In case article;

1. Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Hillman SK, Montain SJ, Reiff RV, Rich BSE, Roberts WO, Stone JA. National athletic trainers’ association position statement: fluid replacement for athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 2000; 35(2): 212-224.

In case journal written by institution;

8. American College of Sports Medicine. Joint position stand: Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2000; 32(12): 2130-2145.

In case book;

2. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc, 1988: 274-275.

In case chapter of book;

5. Bangsbo J. Physiology of Training. In: Science and Soccer, Relly, T and Williams, AM, eds. New York: Roudledge, 2003.

Publication Ethics

Turkish Sports and Exercise Journal is based on the ethical principles of the following organizations:

1. Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)

2. Higher Education Council Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive

Please refer to the following link (http://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines) for the responsibilities and obligations of authors, referees and editors on ethical principles.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES AND PUBLICATION POLICY

Publication Ethics Principles
Publication Ethics can be defined as a self-regulatory mechanism that insists on integrity on behalf of authors, reviewers and publishers to establish higher standards of editorial processing. Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications, public trust in scientific findings, and respect for people's opinions.
• Honest researchers do not plagiarize.
• They do not misattribute sources.
• They do not hide objections they cannot refute.
• They do not distort opposing views.
• They do not destroy or hide data.

Peer-reviewed studies are studies that support and actualize the scientific method. At this point, it is of great importance that all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, referees and editors) comply with ethical principles. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise adheres to national and international standards in research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. Turkish Sport and Exercise has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). It is also committed to abide by the decisions of the Turkish Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice Principles in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Turkey Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria)

Replay
Republishing is the publication of the same article or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. The editor sends such an article back without review. The editor may then impose an embargo on the author who has attempted to republish for a certain period of time, make a public announcement in the journal in which the author has previously published (perhaps in a simultaneous announcement with the editor of the journal that published the previous article), or all of these measures together.

Simultaneous submission of the same work to more than one journal
Authors may not submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. If the editor learns of possible simultaneous submission, he/she reserves the right to consult with the other editor(s) receiving the manuscript. In addition, the editor may return the manuscript without review or reject the manuscript without considering the reviews, or take this decision in discussion with the other editor(s) involved, and may decide not to accept submissions from authors for a certain period of time. It may also write to the authors' employers or take all of these measures together.

Control to Prevent Plagiarism
Plagiarism is presenting the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, figures or works of others as one's own work, in whole or in part, without citing the authors in accordance with scientific rules.
Turkish Sport and Exercise screens all submitted articles to prevent plagiarism. Studies submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using Turnitin & Ithenticate software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 20%. The main measure of similarity is the author's compliance with the citation and citation rules. If the similarity rate appears to be 1%, but the citation and citation are not done properly, plagiarism may still be in question. In this respect, citation and quotation rules should be known and carefully applied by the author.
Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/ denied authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, sliced publication, copyright infringement and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behavior. All articles that do not comply with accepted ethical standards are removed from publication. This includes articles that contain possible irregularities or non-compliances detected after publication.

Forgery
Producing data that is not based on research, editing or modifying the work presented or published on the basis of untrue data, reporting or publishing them, and presenting a research that has not been conducted as if it has been conducted.
Falsifying research records and data obtained, showing methods, devices and materials that were not used in the research as if they were used, not evaluating data that do not comply with the research hypothesis, manipulating data and/or results to fit the relevant theory or assumptions, falsifying or shaping the research results in line with the interests of the persons and organizations supported.

Protection of Participants' Personal Data
Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally available to the public be subject to formal ethical review.
Handling Allegations of Research Misconduct
Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise adheres to COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise editors will take measures to prevent the publication of manuscripts in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, and other research misconduct has occurred. Under no circumstances will the editors of the Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. If the editors of the Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise are aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding allegations.

Ethical Violation Notifications
Readers can send an e-mail to turkjse@gmail.com if they notice a significant error or inaccuracy in an article published in Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise or if they have any complaints about the editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.). We welcome submissions and will respond quickly and constructively, as they provide an opportunity for improvement.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are identified in the published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations and conclusions. Editors should consider retracting the manuscript if there are major errors/violations that invalidate the findings and conclusions. Editors should consider issuing a statement of concern if there is a possibility of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions have not investigated the incident; or the potential investigation seems unfair or inconclusive. COPE and ICJME guidelines for correction, retraction or expression of concern are followed.

Publication of Studies Based on Surveys and Interviews
The Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise adopts the Committee on Publication Ethics' (COPE) "Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers" to provide ethical assurance in scientific periodical publishing. In this context, the following points should be followed in the studies submitted to the journal:
1) For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval must be obtained, this approval must be stated and documented in the article.
2) In studies requiring ethics committee approval, information about the permission (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section and on one of the first/last pages of the article; in case reports, information on the signing of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

Special Issue Publication Policy
A special issue may be published once a year upon the request of the Editorial Board. Articles submitted for inclusion in the special issue are first subjected to a preliminary editorial review. Then they are examined for compliance with the journal's spelling rules and similarity screening is performed to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, they are taken into the peer review process in which the double blind model is used.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise treat all submitted manuscripts as confidential documents, which means that they will not disclose information about a manuscript to anyone without the authors' permission. During the manuscript review process, the following people have access to the manuscripts: Editors, Reviewers, Editorial Board Members. The only situation in which details about a manuscript may be passed to a third party without the authors' permission is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Allegations-Suspicions of Scientific Misconduct
There are different definitions of scientific misconduct. We address these issues on a case-by-case basis as the Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise follows guidance established by major publication ethics bodies. If the editor suspects or alleges an ethical violation, they are obliged to take action. This duty extends to both published and unpublished articles. The editor should not simply reject articles raising concerns about possible misconduct. They are ethically obliged to follow up on alleged cases. The editor should follow COPE flowcharts where appropriate. Editors should first seek a response from those suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the response, they should ask the relevant employer or organization to investigate. The editor should make all reasonable efforts to ensure that an appropriate investigation into the alleged misconduct is conducted; if this fails, the editor should make all reasonable attempts to insist on a resolution to the problem. This is a laborious but important task.
Turkish Sport and Exercise magazine follows COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise editors will take measures to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication and other research misconduct have occurred. Under no circumstances will the Turkish Journal of Sports and Exercise or its editors knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. If the editors of the Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise become aware of any allegations of research misconduct in relation to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding allegations.
Reviewers should inform the Editor if they suspect research or publication misconduct. The Editor is responsible for taking necessary action in accordance with COPE recommendations.
The Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise is committed to following the COPE flowcharts when faced with allegations of misconduct on the following or similar issues.
• What to do when republication is suspected
• What to do when plagiarism is suspected
• What to do when fabricated data is suspected
• What to do when requesting a change of authorship
• What to do when an undisclosed conflict of interest is suspected
• What to do when unfair or gift authorship is suspected
• What to do when an ethical problem is suspected in an article
• What to do when directly notified of a suspected ethical violation by e-mail, etc.
• What to do when a suspected ethical violation is announced via social media

Complaint Procedure
This procedure applies to complaints about content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise or our editorial staff. Complaints can provide an opportunity and incentive for improvement and we aim to respond quickly, courteously and constructively.
The complaint must relate to content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise or our editorial team. Complaints should be emailed directly to turkjse@gmail.com and will be treated confidentially. The editor will respond to complaints immediately. The editor follows the procedure outlined in the COPE flowchart regarding complaints.
Complaints are reviewed by the relevant member of the editorial team and, if not resolved, the following processes are followed:
• If this initial response is deemed inadequate, the complainant may request that the complaint be escalated to a more senior member of the journal.
• If the complainant is not satisfied, the complaint may be forwarded to the editor-in-chief.
• A full response will be provided within two weeks, if possible.
COPE publishes a code of practice for editors of scientific journals. This will facilitate the resolution of disputes with editors, journals and publishers, but only after the journal's own complaints procedures have been exhausted.

Appeal Process
We welcome serious objections to the evaluations made by editors and reviewers. If you feel that we have rejected your paper because we misunderstood its scientific content, please send an appeal message to our editorial team at turkjse@gmail.com. Do not attempt to submit a revised version of your article at this stage. If, after reading your appeal letter, we realize that your appeal is justified, we may invite you to submit a revised version of your manuscript. Your paper will then be resubmitted to the external reviewer process. Please include as much detail as possible in the appeal letter. Finally, we can only consider one appeal per article, so please take the time and effort to write a detailed letter to make your appeal clear - you have one chance, so use it well. We have found that prolonged deliberation over rejected papers is often unsatisfactory for both authors and editors, so we do not process multiple appeals for the same study.

Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest occurs when professional judgment about a primary interest may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal competition). We believe that we need to know the competing interests of the authors in order to make the best decision about how to handle an article, and that if we publish the article, readers need to know them too.
Any interest, financial or otherwise, that could cause one to be conflicted in one's work, significantly impair one's objectivity, or give an unfair advantage to any person or organization. All sources of financial support received during the conduct of the research and preparation of the manuscript and the role of sponsors in the study should be disclosed. If there is no source of funding, this should also be indicated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include consultancies, salaries, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.
The Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise has a set process for handling submissions from editors, staff or editorial board members to ensure impartial review. Such submissions are first referred to other journals. If this is not possible, the author of the submission will be suspended from the journal. These submissions are reviewed in a double blind process.
The editor should not be involved in decisions about manuscripts written by him/herself or family members. Furthermore, such a paper should be subject to all the usual procedures of the journal. The editor should follow ICMJE guidelines on disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

Principles of Research Ethics
Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise observes the highest standards in research ethics and adopts the international research ethics principles defined below. It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that manuscripts comply with ethical rules.
• The principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be ensured in the design, review of the design and conduct of the research.
• The research team and participants should be fully informed about the purpose of the research, its methods and possible anticipated uses, and the requirements and risks, if any, of participation in the research.
• Confidentiality of information provided by research participants and confidentiality of respondents must be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.
• Research participants should take part in the research voluntarily and should not be under any coercion.
• Harm to participants should be avoided. The research should be planned in a way that does not put participants at risk.
• Research independence must be clear and explicit; any conflict of interest must be disclosed.
• In experimental studies with human subjects, the written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. Consent must be obtained from the legal guardian of children and those under guardianship or with a confirmed mental illness.
• If the study will be conducted in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization that the study will be conducted.
• In studies with a human element, it should be stated in the "method" section that "informed consent" has been obtained from the participants and ethics committee approval has been obtained from the institution where the study is conducted.

All expenses of Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise are covered by the publisher. The publication of articles in the journal and the execution of article processes are not subject to any fee. No processing or submission fee is charged for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication.